Defective tires, under-inflated tires that require replacement, and seasonal tires: learn how to identify them and use our guidance to select the most suitable tyres at an authorised repairer or purchase them online beforehand, prior to installation.
There are multiple sizes and types of tires available, all of which have a marking on the sidewall indicating their dimensions, the type of rubber used, and recommended usage. You may notice numbers such as “205/55 R 18”. These numbers convey significant information. The first number denotes the width of the tire’s tread in millimeters. The second number represents the ratio between the sidewall height and the width of the tire, where a smaller ratio is classified as “low profile”. The final number preceding the “R”, indicating a radial tire, represents the internal diameter of the tire in inches, relative to the rim size. European labels always display the size of the tire.
Indices and special indications
You’ll also find weight and speed limits on the sidewall, denoted by numbers and letters after the dimensions. Be sure to adhere to the manufacturer’s recommended specifications, and you can refer to online tables or dealer information for guidance. The European label also displays these limits.Manufacturer-specific designs and markings can be found on the sidewall of the tire, such as the “H / T” designation for SUVs designed for driving on roads, or “M / T” tires suited for off-road use, crossing through mud. Certain tires, marked with “XL”, are intended for heavy-duty vehicles, and those with “M + S” offer enhanced traction capabilities in snowy conditions. Winter tires can be identified by the 3PMSF logo, featuring three mountain peaks and a snowflake, and may be checked by authorities in regions where winter tires are mandatory.
There’s an ongoing debate about the functionality and benefits of two types of tires: winter tires and 4-season tires.
Some argue that winter tires provide superior traction and braking performance on snowy and icy roads, while others believe that 4-season tires offer better durability and overall value.
But let’s examine the facts. Winter tires are specifically designed to excel in frigid temperatures and harsh winter conditions. They feature a softer compound that remains flexible in cold temperatures, allowing for better grip on slippery surfaces. They also have unique tread patterns and rubber compounds that improve traction on snow and ice.
On the other hand, 4-season tires are designed to handle a wide range of driving conditions, from wet and dry pavement to snow and ice. They may not have the same level of grip as winter tires in extreme cold weather, but they can still provide decent performance in milder winter conditions.
Here are some key differences:
* Winter tires:
1. Softer compound for better freeze and traction
2. Unique tread patterns for improved grip on snow and ice
3. Often feature studs or sipes for added traction
4. Typically less durable and may experience degradation faster
5. 4-season tires:
1. More durable and resistant to wear and tear
2. Can handle a wide range of driving conditions
3. May not perform as well on extreme snow and ice
4. Often more expensive than winter tires initially, but can be more cost-effective in the long run
Ultimately, the choice between winter tires and 4-season tires depends on your specific needs and driving habits. If you live in an area with extreme winter conditions, winter tires may be the better option. However, if you drive in milder winter conditions or have a tighter budget, 4-season tires could be a more cost-effective choice.
The tread pattern of a winter tire is quite distinct. Manufacturers often label it with a specific name like “Winter”, “W”, “WR”, “Alpin” or “Blizzak.” However, just like four-season tires, there isn’t a universally standardized code. Four-season tires are often marked with “M+S,” indicating improved traction on snow and mud. Many now bear the 3MPSF logo, making them suitable for areas where winter tires are required. Nevertheless, their performance in cold temperatures and slippery conditions is somewhat compromised. Recognizing the difference comes down to the manufacturer’s directions, the European label, or distinctive designs such as a longitudinal groove typical of summer tires. For target areas with icy roads, there isn’t a specific marking for studded tires, but studs are easily visible on the tread.
Michael Hecker, a technical development head at Mercedes-Benz, speaks with software engineer and GT Academy contestant Olivier Duquesne.
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